陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板抗高速侵彻性能研究

为探讨陶瓷/薄钢板复合结构靶板(ceramic/thin steel targets,CS靶板)的抗高速侵彻机理,通过弹道试验,分析了3 mm厚SiC陶瓷层和0.6 mm厚钢板层的CS靶板的破坏模式和抗侵彻性能,并与面密度基本相同的纯钢板进行了比较。在此基础上,基于能量守恒原理,建立了CS靶板抗高速侵彻的理论预测模型,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明,CS靶板中前陶瓷层的存在,使得后钢板层的破坏模式由剪切冲塞转变为花瓣开裂,大大提升了后钢板层的抗侵彻吸能效率,从而使得CS靶板的整体抗侵彻性能高于等面密度的纯钢板,CS靶板的整体抗侵彻效率较等面密度纯钢板提升15%以上;弹体穿透CS靶板后的剩余速度理论预测值与试验结果吻合较好,相对误差均在5%以内,验证了理论模型的合理性和有效性。     

Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.     

浅谈加强干部队伍机制建设

干部队伍建设是部队建设的根本。要抓好这项根本性的工作,就要建立行之有效的干部队伍机制建设,同时,要突出重点,落实措施,确保干部队伍机制建设落到实处。     

从吉化双苯厂爆炸事故处置解读化工火灾扑救对策

吉化双苯厂“11.13”爆炸火灾事故是一起典型的化工类火灾事故,造成了严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。这起火灾爆炸事故具有爆炸、燃烧速度快、立体式燃烧、过火面积大、危害性大等特点,总结了这起事故处置经验,给出了准确判断,科学决策;快攻近战;统一指挥,协同作战;多种措施相结合;冷却防爆,堵截蔓延;隐蔽抵近,适时出击等处置化工类火灾的对策。     

地下工程非爆破开挖机械破碎法机理及应用

针对非爆破法开挖工序中的关键问题——导向孔布置方案优化,结合非爆破施工实作流程及工艺,利用波动理论探索了破碎锤冲击破岩机理。破碎锤通过钎杆冲击导向孔产生孔间贯穿裂缝进而破岩掘进,破碎锤冲击破岩的过程是岩石被拉坏的过程,孔间岩石中的切向应力是提高破岩效率的关键因素。基于岩石断裂力学理论,总结得出导向孔间裂缝产生、扩展、贯通的判据,并依托实际工程进行验算,理论计算结果与现场试验结果吻合良好,同时提出了导向孔布置优化方案的改进建议。     

圆柱壳承受水下爆炸作用时的动响应

本文提出了有限水域内水下爆炸实验设计的一般考虑方法,结合实验结果得到了各种条件(λ/D)下圆柱壳受水下爆炸作用时的壁压分布规律,采用塑性动力学中绝对最小原理对结构响应进行了数值计算,给出了冲击波作用下圆柱壳响应的一种偏安全估算方法。     

舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵强度计算方法研究

新型"大气泡能"概念武器在水下爆炸能产生大气泡,对船体总纵强度造成很大影响,有可能使舰体发生纵向折断或倾覆。为研究这种作用,建立了舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵弯曲强度的理论计算方法。采用静置爆炸气泡的假设,将气泡产生的浮力损失和压力差转化为等效载荷,计算气泡作用后船体的总纵弯矩和剪力并进行强度校核。以某舰艇为例进行计算,结果表明,爆炸气泡作用下船体的剪力和弯矩比静浮状态增大很多,船体发生纵向折断破坏的危险性也随之增大。     

一起管道燃气火灾爆炸事故爆炸点形成原因探讨

通过对一起居民住宅管道燃气泄漏火灾爆炸事故现场破坏程度的勘查,分析了在管道燃气泄漏后,由于燃气化学组分和理化性质的不同,室内环境因素影响扩散条件的不同,不同浓度的爆炸性混合气体在不同的部位出现了不同的形成过程,从理论上论证了管道燃气的泄漏点不一定就是中心爆炸点的火灾现场现象。     

垂直刚性面边界条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论研究

为研究垂直边界面对水下爆炸气泡脉动的影响,根据势流理论建立了垂直边界面条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论模型,编制计算程序进行求解。对水下爆炸气泡脉动运动的特点、流场的速度及压力的分布、气泡引起的载荷形式进行了分析,结果表明,此模型能够反映水下爆炸气泡和周围流体介质的运动规律,并能进行定量的计算。     

模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸实验与数值仿真研究

对模拟油罐内油气混合物爆炸冲击波特性进行了研究.在直径为1 m的模拟油罐中进行了油气混合物爆炸模拟实验,建立了模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸的数值仿真模型,并借助大型商业软件Fluent6.2完成了数值仿真研究.数值仿真结果与实验值较为吻合.模拟实验和数值仿真研究的结果表明:油气体积分数、罐内初始温度等决定模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸压力的大小.油罐内爆炸压力波的振荡特性对金属油罐结构来说是有害的.